Philosophical Outlook of Ancient China Essay

The Hundred Schools of Thought was an era of great cultural and intellectual expansion in China that lasted from 770 to 222 BCE. In around 500 BCE, after the Zhou state weakened and China moved in to the period of warring states, the classic period of Chinese philosophy, known as the Golden Age, began. This period saw the rise of numerous Chinese philosophers and academics. Many of the great Chinese texts have intensely enriched Chinese lifestyles and social awareness up to the present day. However, of the many schools founded at this time and during the subsequent Warring States Period, the three most influential ones were Legalism, Taoism, and Confucianism. Legalism, the political philosophy concerned with the most effective way of governing society, is exemplified in the style, attitude, and philosophical outlook of the passage. Legalists portray humans as inherently evil and inclined toward criminal and selfish behavior. Thus, if humans are allowed to engage in their natural proclivities, the result will be conflict and social disorder. They must be shaped and guided. If humans are not â€Å"straightened and bent† like the wood in the passage, which must be changed to be useful, they will not fit the proper description and always be essentially bad or ineffectual. Legalists have said, â€Å" Those who show capacity for their work†¦ [will be] promised and rewarded, those who show incapacity†¦ [will be] punished † (Waley 178- 179) . The manipulation of the wood through its shaping may be compared to the rewards and punishments given to the people in a legalist society to maintain order in the community. The idea of depending on the law is also imperative throughout the passage. The passage reveals that â€Å"laws of the state must not be neglected†, indicating their importance and necessity. It may be simply stated, â€Å" [the legalist] does not prize morality, he prizes the law† ( Waley, 155). This shows that there is an attitude of placing the law above all in this society. Thus, the passage indicates for the mentioned reasons above that it belongs to the legalist school of thought. As a result of these legalist beliefs there was a great emphasis placed on controlling human behavior through written law rather than through ritual, custom or ethics. Another school of thought was based on a system of ethics. This school of thought was known as Confucianism. These teachings placed a high value on learning and devotion to family, as well as a display of peace and justice. The passage does not represent Confucianism because this school of thought emphasizes the goodness of all people. Contradicting this belief, the passage indicates, â€Å" the enlightened ruler does not value people who are naturally good. † Waley reveals a conversation between the King of Wei and Mencius. Mencius concerns himself with providing the king with something of profit. In reply the King says to him, â€Å" All that I have to say to you is concerned with goodness and right, and nothing else at all† (90). This indicates that there is a strong base of integrity and goodness that creates the foundation of Confucianism, and the main attitude toward others were that they were filled with righteousness. The attitude of being â€Å" naturally good† can also be seen as â€Å"people†¦ [cultivate] condition[s] of liberty† (Waley, 87). This means that it is human nature, which is responsible for nurturing and promoting the growth. It is the character of all human beings to do the right thing that is essentially full of decency and honesty. In this way, Confucianism was primarily a system of ethical precepts for the proper management of society. The last school of thought is characterized by inaction, the uselessness of knowledge, spirituality, and the guidance by nature and instinct. This school of thought is known as Taoism. The passage does not share any of the above-motioned characteristics of being â€Å"middle of the road†. In fact, the passage contradicts this particular philosophy quite clearly. It states, â€Å"the ruler who has the technique does not follow the good that happens by chance. † In a Taoist society people believe in inaction as seen in the story of the man who spent every moment in life caring for his horse. â€Å"One day,† the story goes, â€Å" a fly attached itself to the animal, and this man scotched it†. He took an action, and as a result of taking an action the horse taken by surprise, it became severely injured and â€Å"tore its breast† and â€Å"bruised its head† (Waley, 77). This proves, according to Taoism that you should not seek to take things into your hands. If the care giver of the horse never would have made an effort to help the horse it would have been no better off or worse off than it was before, it would just â€Å"be†. This philosophy is also seen in another part of Waley in which it is said that, â€Å" You will stumble, you will stagger, you will topple and expire† (76). The way of the Taoist is to achieve happiness is by learning to â€Å"go with the flow. † Instead of trying to get things done the hard way, people should take the time to figure out the natural, or easy way to do things, and then everything would get done more simply. This shows the beliefs of Taoism, that not acting, but just functioning and being, by seeking a higher reality within one’s self, is enough. In conclusion, after considering all the schools of thought, it can be said that the passage is firmly believed to belong to the Legalist school of thought. Legalism portrays humans as obtuse, useless individuals that are inherently bad. The emphasis on laws, punishment and reward are shown by the â€Å"straitening and bending† of society to fit a particular, useful â€Å"mold†. The reasoning for the passage not belonging to either the Taoist or Confucian schools of thought are because there is no emphasis on goodness as seen in Confucianism. However, it does show how people as being inherently bad. It also shows how people should act and take matters into their own hands, which derives from the Taoist philosophy of staying neutral. Therefore, the style, attitude, and philosophical outlook of the passage would be legalism because it is clearly portrayed by the values, attitude and the teachings illustrated in the passage.

Foreign Policy Judiciary Politics Essay

1. Although the power of the national government increased during the early republic, these developments often face serious opposition. Compare the motives and effectiveness of those who opposed the growing power of the national government in TWO of the following: Whiskey Rebellion, 1794 Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, 1798-1799 Hartford Convention, 1814-1815 2. To what extent did the Jeffersonian Republican’s of economic boycott in the years 1807 – 1812 affect the new nation? 3. To what extent was the early United States foreign policy a primarily defensive reaction to actual or perceived threats from Europe? Evaluate with regard to United States foreign policy on TWO major issues during the period from 1789 – 1815. 4. Analyze the contributions of TWO of the following in helping establishing a stable government after the adoption of the Constitution John Adams Thomas Jefferson George Washington 5. Explain the influence of TWO of the following on the U.S. decision to go to war in 1812. Embargo policies of Jefferson and Madison British impressment of American seamen Settlers’ conflicts with Native Americans Expansionist goals of the war hawks 6. Compare and contrast the political and economic views of the Hamiltonian Federalists and the Jeffersonian Republicans. When, why and how did the differences between the two parties blur? 7. Evaluate the relative importance of domestic and foreign affairs in shaping American politics in the 1790s. 8. â€Å"Since the treaty of Ghent addressed none of the issues for which the United States had fought, the War of 1812 has no positive consequences for the American nation. Assess the validity of this statement 9. To what extent was the Election of l800 aptly named the Revolution of l800? Respond with reference to 2 of the following areas Economics

Betlehem Day Care Center Case Study

Case Literature July 30, 2011 EM 4008 : School Strategic Management GREGORIO CYRUS R. ELEJORDE FLORDELIZA C. NAVIDAD Professor Masterand Case Study l. Information Title of organization : Betlehem Day Care Center Foundation Incorporation (BDCCFI) Description: The Day Care Center is an outreach project of the Cebu Archdiocesan Prison apostolate (CAPA) For 14 years now. Location : White Road , Inayawan, cebu City Management Staff: Founder: Fr. Giovanni (John) Iacono This center is currently being run by one head teacher, secretary, permanent casual volunteers, one coordinator and four teachers all under the guidance of one Catholic priest, Fr. Iacono. Organizational Chart Mission: The Bethlehem Day Care Center provides daycare service and other support service to the children of scavengers at the landfill site: 360 families residing in our houses, in Dumlog, Talisay. The average family is 4-6 persons (eventually we will have about 3,000 family members in our Village) 38 houses (built with the help of Habitat for Humanity) in Inayawan, Cebu Providing children with an educational foundation as toddlers encourages them and increases their chance in getting into elementary school. With education, these children develop into productive individuals, contributing the poverty alleviation and community building. No amount of money can ever be enough to help one child have a brighter future. No efforts are too many to help a child to go to school and improve his knowledge for the future. No pain is too big to bear if it gives a person dignity. No humiliation should stop anybody from helping the needy. Our facility currently accommodates children from families near the dumpsite area. These children, ages three to six, are sons and daughters of scavengers at the landfill site at Inayawan, Cebu City, Philippines. These children scavengers earn 50 to 100 pesos a day. As part of its program and service, we offer daycare sessions, scholarships to 10 students, a supplemental feeding program, uniforms, medical services and Basic Moral Christian values and Basic Ecclesial Communities formation among the parents of the Daycare Children. The center offers the above services free of charge. Objectives †¢ To assist less privilege families who are not able to provide their children with opportunities to develop a strong foundation of spirituality and values of the society where they live. †¢ To aid in the development of the child? s mental, communication and creative abilities, confidence, self expression and discipline adapted to their stage of growth and development. †¢ To enable the child to understand and relate positively to his/her parents and other adults in the family and his/her social environment. To provide the pre-school child with opportunities to improve and maintain health through supplemental feeding. †¢ To provide custodial care for the child during the absence of the parents/guardian when no better substitute arrangement is available at home. †¢ Crime prevention. †¢ Reduced mortality rate among children. Program and Services: The Bethlehem Day Care Center program includes: †¢ Physical caring, supplemental feeding. †¢ Motor skills development. †¢ Value inculcation, human relations. †¢ Language development, cognitive adoptive skills. †¢ Creative experience, mental stimulation. Spirituality. †¢ Personal and social skills. The day care service integrates these components needed in providing substitute parenting for the pre-school child. More than just watching over the child and keeping him/her protected from physical harm, substitute mothering includes mental stimulation and value inculcation. Group activities are also facilitated to encourage socialization among the children, as well as teach basic knowledge and skills of daily living. Supplemental feeding is included in the program to correct food deficiencies and ensure that the nutritional needs of the child are met. Uniforms, school accessories and medical care are also provided for the children who attend the day care services. The center offers Basic Moral Christian values and Basic Ecclesial Communities Formation among the parents of the Daycare Children. About 130 parents attend this activity twice a year. II. Organizational Problem A. Nature of the Problem 1. Why should Betlehem Day Care Center Foundation Inc. (BDCCFI) be established and operated in White Road, Inayawan, Cebu City ? Fr. John Iacono , an Australian priest, first visited the Philippines in the 1980s as a missionary priest. One of his many duties was to provide pastoral care for the prisoners in the city jails in Cebu City. He found that a large proportion of prisoners originated from a small region of Cebu known as Inayawan where there was a tip site known as Smokey Mountain (not to be confused with Smokey Mountain in Manila) where families scavenged for daily subsistence. He found that small children, some as young as 3 years old, were forced to work there on the tip site to earn a few pesos to help the family buy food . (photo of rubbish tip). Inayawan is a local word meaning unwanted, unloved, rejected ie a dumpsite. About this time, he met another Catholic Priest, Fr. Heinz Kuluke, an SVD, missionary priest from Germany , who also knew of Smokey Mountain at Inayawan. Initially the authorities denied that these places existed in Cebu but one evening Fr Heinz followed a rubbish truck which ended up at Inayawan. There he found about 200 families living in cardboard and tin sheds and living from scavenging on the tip. For a month he lived and worked side by side with the families to work out ways to help them. He was witness to some of the 20 annual child deaths caused by sickness, infections and malnutrition. In 1992, he set up a Day Care Centre for children which worked for about a month before attendance started to fall. He found that parents could not earn enough to feed their families if the children were not scavenging too. Following discussions between the two priests, it was agreed to give each child some rice to take home after school each afternoon to compensate for the food which they could not provide by scavenging. From that point on the project flourished. The Betlehem Day Care Center Foundation Inc. BDCCFI) was established in White Road, Inayawan, Cebu City, Philippines with its core purpose to continually provide for the center. B. Serious Problems 1. How the Betlehem Day Care Center Foundation Inc can sustain the maintenance in implementing and operating its program and services with free of charge to the most disadvantage children of scavengers in the community if the org anization are facing with serious problems and needs ? (see the datas ) Needs : 1. Physical Facility| *Land area, buildings and furnitures| 2. Technological Facility| *Computer, Electric fan, T. V. and etc. 3. Construction Materials| *Plywood, cement etc| 4. Volunteer Needs| *Medical personnel: doctors, nurses, health teaching professionals, dentists (withg dental chair), person adept at community building and teaching Basic Moral Christian Values| 5. Donation needs /Cash assistance| * P 45,000. 00/ month is needed for manpower at the Betlehem Day Care| 6. Other Expenses( incurred for the implementation of their program and services )| Supplemental feeding program to the daycare children Provision of medical services Assistance formation of Basic EcclesialCommunities Conduct of Basic Moral Christian Values both to the children and their parents Total monthly expenses are approximately P100,000. 00 Financing of more housing – costing 90,000 -100,000 pesos per house. | IV. Key Elements for solutions to the Problems Before : The day care center was first opened in 1993 in a rented room at Laray, Inayawan. In 1995, the day care moved to another location on White Road. Sitting on 350 square meters, the facility was composed of a main â€Å"nipa† (palm leaves) –roofed building which housed two classrooms, and an annex teacher’s quarters and dirty kitchen. The facility, however, was cramped for the school’s attendees and the parents took turns helping our in the school’s maintenance. The area was also easily flooded when it rained, since it was located beside a creek. A. BCA is made up of everyday Australians who are committed to making a difference to the world. Through BCA , members have been touched by the grace and humbleness of many disadvantaged people whom they have met. They feel privileged to be involved; it has resulted in their own lives being enriched as well as making a difference to others. The Board of Directors includes the following:   FR JOHN IACONO PatronFr John Iacono has lived and worked in the Philippines since 1982 (except for a few years in Australia ). Among his many early missionary tasks, was to offer pastoral care to prisoners. This work led him to the local rubbish tips where he became committed to helping the many marginalized families who lived there. His dream to open a Day Care Centre for the children of these families to break the poverty cycle has come true twice! The first centre opened in 1992 and the second more permanent one in January 2004; [see History]. Over 1500 children have attended the Centres and all have gone onto attend Primary and High School. He is the first link in our work in the Philippines . [ see FJ background ] RON NATOLI ChairmanRon has had extensive experience in the building trade for over 40 years. He saw the need to help after his first visit to Cebu , with his wife Maria, in August 2001 and has not stopped since! Commencing with fund raising for the Day Care Centre, he has been a stalwart supporter and visionary to Bethlehem and all its related projects. ROS BRADLEY SecretaryRos has always had a keen interest in overseas development programs. Using her experience from working at The Fred Hollows Foundation, she has been an unswerving supporter of Bethlehem from its early days and is enjoying progressing the formation of BCA. LANCE BROOKSLance started Communities for Communities (C4C) 3 years ago. C4C is about building, experiencing and celebrating community within our own communities as well as reaching out and helping other communities. His wide variety of local fun(d) raising activities as well as helping to build 9 schools on the Burmese/Thai border express these exact sentiments. C4C is now supporting the S. Pio Village. VICKI KASSOUF Vicki is unstoppable! Forever the pilgrim, Vicki travels widely for her studies and research, but always adds a positive contribution to meetings and assists enthusiastically with fundraising events. JOE EL-KHOURY Joe is an experienced and widely acclaimed teacher at St Aloysius College. He has visited the Philippines twice, both times as a pilgrim as opposed to a tourist; as a result he is tota| Welcome to  Bethlehem Communities Australia (BCA)! Thank you for taking the time to visit our site. Bethlehem Communities Australia is an exciting organisation  striving to help disadvantaged communities have a better way of life. We believe that poverty can be removed. And like Nelson Mandela, we believe that ‘overcoming poverty is not a gesture of charity†¦. it is an act of justice. We work with Indigenous partners in small disadvantaged communities, by means of many different initiatives, resulting in communities that are run for the people, by the people. Bethlehem Communities Australias Mission is to contribute to the  relief of poverty in disadvantaged and marginalised communitiesin the Philippines and other developing countries, and to facilitate their transformation and development by providing: | early childhood development initiatives,| affordable and appropriate housing,| | programs that establish sustainable incomes. | | initiatives that form and strengthen Christian-based values within families and communities| B. Enter Ron and Maria Natoli with both their building expertise and boundless energy After their first life changing visit in August 2001, they (and their family) set about he lping Fr. John to raise funds to build a new day Care Centre. Along with many Australian supporters over $400,000 was raised. First the land was bought, followed by the building of a sturdier and more permanent concrete structure which was able to cater for all of the children of Inayawan, (approximately 160 children). Fr Johns dream had come true! The new Bethlehem Day Care Centre opened in January 2004 with much fanfare. It was here that the Australian group first met the celebrated University of the Visayas Choir who have become part of BCA life. C. With the help of Australian benefactors, CAPA started construction of a 1,084-square meter building just few meters away from the previous day care center. The center is now completed and operational and presently serving 160 children. D. BDC provides the land (3. 5 hectares were previously donated). Our families live there rent-free with 15 years to pay for the cost of the house. After the house is paid for, the family can buy the land. E, Cash Donations or assistance through credit cards, cheque, money order or cash from Betlehem Communities Australia (BCA) members and supporters worldwide. These cash donations from the BCA members and supporters have a greater part on the success of the Betlehem Day care Center program and services. (see the attached donation form and contact no. ) C4C visit to cebu a huge success! Lance Brooks, CEO of Communities for Communities (C4C) recently returned from a very successful trip to Cebu . Lance and 22 others left Sydney on 7 th October, for 8 days; the group was keen to see the reality of their fundraising efforts and to work side by side with Habitat for Humanity and the home partners of San Pio Village (SPV) in building their homes. Their ‘hands on visit and working with the people have truly enriched their lives, plus during their visit they assisted in building 9 home The Bethlehem Day Care Foundation Inc (BDCCFI) was established in the Philippines with its core purpose to continually provide for the Centre. Bethlehem means House of Bread and this is their focus: to provide spiritual and material food for the future of the most disadvantaged children. The Gospel Motto is, I assure you , as often as you did it to the least of my brothers, you did it to me. Matthew 25: 46) V. Positive outcomes from the Building of the Day Care Centre include: | Over 1500 children have attended the Centre since the first one opened in 1992. | | All have gone onto attend Primary and High School| | the number of jail inmates originating from Smokey Mountain has decreased| | child mortality in the area has reduced dramatically (for the past two years no children have died)| | parents participate in the running of the Day Care Centre and as a result have learnt about hygiene, moral and Christian values. | Bethlehem Day Care Centre is an approved NGO. It is now Incorporated Foundation. Its website is www. bdcc. cjb. net| | The organization Cebu Archdiocesan Prison Apostolate (CAPA) was set up. Its mission is to assist prisoners and their welfare. With the full backing of Cardinal Vidal, CAPA is integrated into Cebu Caritas and is a non profit registered NGO. Its outreach program is the Inayawan dumpsite where it focuses on education as the key to improvement. Over 200 (new) families still scavenge there. CAPA is one of BCAs partners in the S. Pio Program| The community seems to have gained valuable benefits with the completion and continued maintenance of the Bethlehem Day Care Center. While their parents work all day at the dumpsite, children are left under protective custody of trained teachers, keeping them away from the hazards of the dumpsite, providing them with healthy and valuable education. Statistics at the Pardo Police Station also show that the rate of crime has decreased by 95% since the center was established. Keeping the children out of the streets seems to be a factor in the crime prevention. Since 2001, many Australians have visited Cebu as part of the Bethlehem awareness program witnessing the inherent problems of poverty. Their visits always include Inawayan and the Day Care Centre. The heightened interest and commitment has resulted in the more formal development of Bethlehem Communities Australia (BCA) which became Incorporated in June 2005.

Legal Transplants in Todays Global World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Legal Transplants in Todays Global World - Essay Example Amidst the debate, one thing is clear - transplanting foreign rules requires extreme caution and thorough consideration because despite the success of early European countries with it, legal transplants are not for everyone. However, with the advent of globalization and the increasing integration of national economies as a result of it, legal transplants have become not only a trend, but a rule at times. As this paper will argue, globalization, as a driving force for economic integration, has influenced the growth of legal transplants and created both formal and informal institutions that are forcing countries to hastily, if not blindly, copy foreign commercial laws with little consideration to the country's culture and historical experience, thus rendering the transplant unsuccessful. Brings laws and legal cultures into more direct, frequent, intimate, and often complicated and stressed contact. It influences what legal professionals want and need to know about foreign law, how they transfer, acquire, and process information, and how decisions are made. This influence takes effect in two ways. ... Triggered by the desire for a better investment climate in their home country and a more market-oriented home economy to aid in their business endeavors, these individuals can pressure local legal professionals to adopt better commercial and economic laws utilized in other jurisdictions. Thus, the increased flow of information brought about by a globalised world can influence those individuals who are directly affected by these laws, who in turn influence the politicians and law makers who supply them. Faced with pressures from those who demand better economic and commercial laws, lawmakers often result to legal transplants because of the simplicity and efficiency of the process of adopting these laws compared to the harrowing course that can take place in creating new ones. A second effect of globalization is the external pressures that come from other countries, international organizations, and trade associations, forcing legal transplants on countries in an effort to create a harmonized world economy. One of the consequences of globalization is the need to harmonize economic laws the world over to facilitate a more efficient global trading environment and create free markets. As a result, international organizations like the World Trade Organization (WTO) force countries, wanting to be members to adopt certain economic laws to foster the country's trading environment. Another international organization, International Monetary Fund (IMF), also forces countries wanting their assistance for loans to adopt certain policies that have been proven effective in most developed countries. In this regard, globalization has effectively created institutions that induce legal transplants, if not force them, on developing countries. Thus, a legal

Political Risk Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Political Risk - Assignment Example Moreover Wal-Mart customers are based largely U.S population’s beliefs (Overholt, 1982). The strategy used by Wal-Mart to deal with political risk was first by opening up of new Wal-mart super-center in certain cities and areas. They had to make good financial decisions, those areas which were disturbing the welfare of store and not making good profits were avoided. Wal-mart knew profits were not expected in areas which has down falling economy. For example Wal-mart would initiative risk by making more than 1500 jobs in their stores. If the economy goes down the jobs would be eliminated, and they incur a financial loss because a lot of money has been used in training those employees. This brings financial burden to the company. They expanded their stores in Brazil but it has its risk itself. Looking for people to hire and training them took a lot of money and time. Although, Brazil is a wealthy nation like U.S any economic downfall if it was to happen would make the company to incur lose to people, stores and money (Overholt,

Improving Disneyworld Paris Financial Position and Competitiveness Assignment

Improving Disneyworld Paris Financial Position and Competitiveness - Assignment Example Euro Disney’s economic profits in the years immediately after it was launched fell far below expectations. Even though the Disney executives carefully carried out an extensive analysis of the market conditions in Europe and France, in specific, there were significant failures that happened. The problems were caused by an assortment of issues such as the wrong evaluation of market conditions and expectations about France’s future economic development, the happenings in the property market, highly priced tickets, and cultural misunderstandings. In spite of its popularity in Europe, the Disney Park in Paris has not registered as many guests as identical theme parks in America and Asia. What is evident is that there was not enough research conducted on the demographic and cultural characteristics of France, as well as the rest of the European mainland, before the launching of the theme park in 1992. There are very distinct differences between European and American culture. According to Dennis (2014), investors from the parent company, Walt Disney in America, did not take into account the fact that European customers did not have similar entertainment objectives with their American counterparts.It was presumed that customers would come to Disneyworld Paris from all over Europe. However, there was no research into factors such as the diversity of European cultures, the definitions that each of these cultures attributes to the concept of entertainment, and the aspect of cultural imperialism.

Political Sex Scandals Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Political Sex Scandals - Case Study Example The House ethics committee is discussing charges the Democratic leadership should have confronted Massa sooner. Massa has presented explanations for his acquiescence from disease to intrigue Democrats because he opposed health care reform. After John Edwards told a national TV audience the only woman he ever loved was his wife, his mistress Rielle Hunter reported he called her to say he didn't really mean it. Hunter, 45, is experienced, but she was still shocked by GQ's pictures of her with no pants. She thought the photographer was only interested in her face. Collins' lessons are tongue-in-cheek. She says we have to know who our politicians bed with and never trust a guy who plays his marriage as the center piece of a campaign. Nevertheless, there is a deeper issue at hand - the moral behavior of our elected officials. She argues that we should be concerned when wayward public servants have our health care bill in hand. The best articulation of my position is this. The problem with American politics is that is it American politics. I am by no means a Marxist, but some of his ideas resonate in many political situations. He said the seed of any system's destruction is within its own self. That means although outside forces may topple walls interior forces leave them unattended. Maybe it is not representative government itself that is flawed however. Maybe, it just the way we have come to practice it in the United States. Who does it represent anyway Of the tens of millions of votes, how much does my vote really count -- one 50 millionth of a decisions. Did they ever square away that whole thing about campaign funding Does my opinion really matter when a multibillion dollar multinational corporation, like say Eli Lilly or Pfizer, places a briefcase "gift" full of greenbacks on a senator's desk I don't think so. Maybe, that is why marijuana possession is still punishable by death. What is that about, a nyway It is somehow okay to drink a flammable liquid like alcohol and let it slowly melt my brain into a seizing mass, but it is somehow wrong to smoke the leaves of a particular plant, get the munchies and go to sleep. Part of the problem actually lies with the media system itself. Instead of reporting noteworthy news, they sell out for the sensational story. Individual human beings may be smart, but as a group, people are herding animals to some extent. They like tabloid-style media scandals. They get TV ratings. They sell newspapers. Thus, that is what the media industry showcases. The more important issues go unnoticed by comparison. So what about this 300 pound gorilla staring at us Yes, our politicians are corrupt. What do we do about it Can we do anything meaningful It seems that evidence is scarce. Many of these notions are purely philosophical and perhaps not of any immediate use. Many analysts would argue we are on the brink of some cataclysmic change in politics. Based on history there is only one of two ways this can go. The first way is to find some means of rectifying the underlying problems with our system. The other is to hope it fixes itself and risk falling along the wayside with previous empires. It is a scary thought to think much of our stability is reliant upon Chinese economy. Our position is much like that of an expanding universe. If

Popol Vuh Creation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Popol Vuh Creation - Essay Example first lesson and which is too important is respecting and honoring the gods and creators ( Miller & Karl, 1997).Though, humans have been given the gift of animals, they are given warning not to mistreat them. Also from this story about creation humans are given trickery and cleverness as a virtue and the power of mind. Another lesson from this creation is that it is different to other mythologies in that; Maya has a strong believe that a world can be changed and redeemed if it is broken while the others warn of damnation and destruction for transgression (Sharer, 2006). The third lesson is that when cultures are faced with difficulty issues in modern era and fear of end life humans should only be strong. In Mayas creation story explains how founders of Quiche noble dynasties who praised the gods and they searched the gods in the world until they found them in bundles and they happily took them home (Garson & Golembe, 1995). Tedlock, D. (ed.). (1985). Popol Vuh: the Definitive Edition of the Mayan Book of the Dawn of Life and the Glories of Gods and Kings with commentary based on the ancient knowledge of the modern Quichà © Maya. Simon and Schuster. New

Recommendation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Recommendation - Essay Example Segmentation helps in the development of a sound, competitive advantage. Therefore, a better market positioning strategy can be developed through proper market segmentation. Market positioning involves building of a long-term impact on the minds of the consumers through differentiation of its commodities from rest. Market positioning utilizes physical attributes and promotion to build a clear distinction of a company’s product from the rest (Wang 38, 2009). Stirling Hotel ought to concentrate on the strengths and opportunities instead of concentrating on drawbacks and threats that may bring the business down. Therefore, the hotel’s weaknesses and threats become paramount in the establishments. The hotel is better achieved by looking at the threats and flaws than utilizing the strengths and opportunities. Converting threats and opportunities into strong points can serve as the competitive advantage of the hotel since several hotels can also be established on the same strengths and opportunities. The hotel managements ought to create outstanding features or characteristics that are more attractive than from other hotels. Therefore, the management will be required to employ innovativeness in the generation of marketing strategies and competitive advantage. The management should also develop suitable promotion strategies through utilization of the promotional mixes or

Media History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Media History - Essay Example As the report declares the mention of history should not be construed as a mirror of the past in totality for various reasons, and there are various points that anyone studying history in media or any other field should be aware about when trying to unveil it’s the two meanings. One of the matters concerning history is that there are epistemological as well as philosophical assumptions that many historians make with regards to the proper way in which history should be done. One of those assumptions is where we are meant to believe that history can correspond with reality in the past by reading its contents. The misconception that history is a true reflection of the past is thus worth noting in media studies out of knowledge that the history presented to us entails many life philosophies in its construction. According to the research findings history is always made for someone and thus it has a purpose as opposed to ‘the past’, which remains just as ‘the past’. It is through this understanding that one learning media history is able to know that every historian gives an account concerning something with the chief intent that someone in later time will get to read or go through their documentation unlike the past. In addition, history is ideological and not innocent as it appears unlike ‘the past’ in that, its construction encompasses a historian’s moral judgment concerning the wrong and the good as well as depending on how they perceive the world.

Richardsons Pamela or Viture Rewarded Essay Example for Free

Richardsons Pamela or Viture Rewarded Essay A book can be moral if it raises moral questions even if it doesnt provide moral answers. That is the view of Marilyn Edelstein, associate professor of English at Santa Clara University. Morality is a widespread term used in literature from the early beginnings. The writer uses the moral perspective to discuss the corruption of the society or even the era in which he lives as a whole, to provide moral lessons and help to replace vice with virtue. There are many writers used to present moral lessons through their literary works. For example, Samuel Richardson is one of the most popular and admired writers of his time. Richardson’s Pamela is considered the best example to reveal about the moral element in literature. So let us shed lights on the moral element through Richardson’s Pamela. Many of the objections to Samuel Richardsons Pamela: or Virtue Rewarded have come about because of its alleged middle-class morality. Samuel Richardson wrote Pamela as an example of the value of moral behavior. Believing in the direct intervention of God, Richardson felt that virtuous actions led to success on earth as well as in heaven. The Novel was praised for its psychological veracity and its moral influence on the readers. Pamela is the symbol of morality in Richardsons Pamela or virtue rewarded. Pamela is a 15 years old servant girl who struggles to keep her virginity. During the past three years, Pamela has been serving the kindly Mrs. B but unfortunately she just died and her son Mr. Squire B takes control of the house hold. He begins to flatter Pamela but she resists all his attempts to seduce her. In letters to her parents Pamela reports her Master’s attempts and vows that she will suffer any injury or social penalty rather than sacrifice her chastity. Her parents encourage this devotion to her virtue and advise her to leave Mr. B. ’s employment and return to home and poverty if ever Mr. B. makes a physical attempt on her. In spite of Mr. B. ’s continued harassment, Pamela does not manage to make the departure that she so frequently threatens. Finally, she resolves to go and, having resisted a final effort of Mr. B. to tempt her with money for her parents and marriage to a clergyman, packs her bags to leave. Unfortunately her attempt to escape Mr. Bs harassments fails because she was kidnapped and taken to Lincolnshire estate. As soon as she reaches the estate she planes to escape. Even though Mr. Bs several attempts to rape Pamela of her virtue, she has never stopped fighting back. Pamela is willing to protect her virginity no matter what. Pamela continues writing letters while in captivity, but as she does not know when she will be able to send them, she dispenses with salutations and signatures, so that they run together into one continuous journal. Pamela finds help in the character of Mr. Williams. Mr. Williams fails to deliver Pamelas letters to her family. Mr. B realizes the true self of Pamela through her letters. He admires her character and virtue which eventually led to his proposal to Pamela. Pamelas virtue is finally rewarded through Mr. Bs honest proposal of marriage. Pamelas virtue affected the young Miss Goodwin who is Mr. Bs daughter from a previous affair. Pamela succeeds in establishing the moral character of Miss Goodwin, who does not repeat her mother’s mistakes. The virtue described in Pamela was of a much broader and more significant scope. Pamelas effort to co-ordinate her human drives and the moral code she had learned represented the real conflict in Pamela. To the extent that her behavior was morally acceptable, she was virtuous. Pamelas ability to do what was right in spite of her own desires was the virtue Richardson intended to reward.

Crime and Legal System Essay Example for Free

Crime and Legal System Essay In the broad field of criminal justice, one particular issue critically relevant in the concern of crime prevention and social control is juvenile delinquency due mainly to the fact that its target population are the minors in the society. The concept of juvenile delinquency generally encompassed numerous concerns namely the crimes involving minor offenders, the court system to address these cases, the punishment approach for the young individual, and others relevant in achieving an effective approach for achieving the ideal justice for these young offenders. In this pursuit, incorporating sociological concepts can indeed promote development in the effectiveness of the criminal justice system for cases of juvenile delinquency. In analyzing the criminal justice system for minor offenders, it is critically important to consider several factors directly related to the effective achievement of its function. Among these factors are the effect of the punishment to the minor offender, beneficial alternatives for the criminal punishment, motivational strategies of behavioral development, influence of personality background, and others. Incorporating the sociological perspective in this concern, the said field explains that the family structure, environment, and culture are influential factors to the individual’s personality and behavioral development as such, should be considered in determining the appropriate action for cases of juvenile delinquency. Indeed, incorporating this approach will reveal a more appropriate, effectively altercating, and motivational action towards addressing the personal problems of the young offenders resulting to their juvenile delinquency. Indeed, sociological, the youth period in the timeline of each individual is a critical condition wherein the person encounter personality confusion and identity struggle. During this period, the erratic behavioral changes in the person can result to aggressive actions and decisions and if influenced by negative factors can result to juvenile delinquency. As such, approaching the view through a sociological perspective, it is more advantageous to tackle the problem by helping the offender cope up with his or her personal changes and struggle and guide the person to the proper way. Indeed, developing the punishment system in this approach can result to an effective juvenile justice system that promote healthy development through guiding the misdemeanor of the minor offenders towards fruitful growth and development for their benefit. In this approach, the issue of juvenile delinquency will be addressed by minimizing the problem and taking this approach as a mean of helping the youth through the growth.

Expression of Cathepsin-D in Odontogenic Cysts and Tumors

Expression of Cathepsin-D in Odontogenic Cysts and Tumors The expression of cathepsin-D in odontogenic cysts and tumors: an immunohistochemical study Abstract Aim: Cathepsin-D, a protease, which is an invasion promoter and plays a central role in solid tumors including oral cancer. Our aim of the study was to look for their expression pattern in epithelium and stroma of odontogenic cysts and tumors and correlate their aggressiveness to the staining intensity. Methods: To elucidate the expression patterns of this marker, we examined immunohistochemically on formalin fixed, paraffin embedded sections of 24 odontogenic cysts and 10 odonogenic tumors, which are received for histopathologic examination in the department of oral pathology, the Oxford Dental college and hospital, Bangalore. Results: The epithelium of granular cell ameloblastoma and odontogenic keratocyst showed maximum staining, with spillage of stained material in the connective tissue wall and at the separation of epithelium to capsule in odontogenic keratocyst, compare to other cysts and tumors. Conclusions: Cathepsin-D could be one of the enzyme important in separation of epithelium and connective tissue in odontogenic keratocyst which helps in recurrence and intense expression in granular cell ameloblastoma with spillage into stroma, compare to other odonogenic tumors may explain its aggressive behavior, recurrence and metastatic potential. To further validate our findings it is suggested to use more sample size and monoclonal antibody for cathepsin-D. Key words: Cathepsin-D, odontogenic cysts, odontogenic tumors, immunohistochemistry. INTRODUCTION: Odontogenic cysts and tumors constitute an important aspect of oral and maxillofacial pathology. Odontogenic cysts are encountered relatively common in dental practice and tumors by contrast are uncommon lesions. These lesions are of clinical significance because of their biological behavior. Various attempts to categorize morphological features to relate the biological activity have been made over the years1. It is well established that the cysts of histologenic labeling of odontogenic keratocyst are more aggressive tending to behave more like a sub-malignant tumor1-6. It has also been suggested that cysts other than odontogenic keratocyst showing keratinization if not more locally aggressive tend to have a pre-disposition to neoplastic change7.There have been attempts to correlate follicle size with aggression in ameloblastoma and morphologically different granular cell variant has been known to be more clinically aggressive, showing metastatic potential8. Numerous studies on the e nzyme histochemistry of odontogenic cysts and tumors have been conducted over the years for the expression of oxidative enzymes NADH2 and NADPH2, G6PD, glutamate dehydrogenase, acid phosphates, leucineamino peptidase and ATPase9, 10. The epithelial lining of all the varieties of cysts showed a weak reaction for leucineamino peptidase a lysosomal protease, but there was a strong positivity in the lamina propria of odontogenic keratocyst. Similar studies on follicular ameloblastoma have showed ATPase activity in the peripheral and central cells of the follicle9. Based on these we made an attempt to study the expression of cathepsin-D in odontogenic cysts and tumors, by grouping them into locally aggressive and non-aggressive based on their clinical and radiographic features. Cathepsin-D is a proteolytic enzyme that belongs to a family known as aspartic proteases. Many homologies in the amino acid sequence have been shown to exist among the members of this group of enzymes, which includes pepsin, gastricin and rennin. Like other enzymes cathepsin-D has been shown to be synthesized in the precursor form. The enzyme itself is a glycoprotein of approximate molecular weight 52 KD and has an optimum pH of 3.5. Cathepsin-D was present in many of the normal tissue including epithelium, fibroblast and macrophages11. The physiologic role of cathepsin-D is believed to be involved in self-destruction of senescent or damaged epithelial cells12. As cathepsin-D is an intracellular lysosomal aspartic protease apart from its role in protein catabolism through the degradation of endocytosed protein. Cathepsin-D has attracted clinical attention because of it’s over expression in variety of diseases. Increased levels of these enzymes have been reported to be an indic ator of aggressive behavior in human tumors including oral squamous cell carcinoma13. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tissue used in the study was biopsy material submitted to department of oral pathology, The Oxford Dental College, Hospital and Research centre, Bangalore. Total sample size taken was from 34 patients which comprised of 9 Ameloblastoma (1 plexiform unicystic ameloblastoma), 7 odontogenic keratocyst, 1 adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, 11 Radicular cysts and 6 Dentigerous cysts which were grouped into locally aggressive and non aggressive based on their clinical and radiologic features like size and extent of lesion, peripheral cortication, scalloping and root resorption. *This particular radicular cyst was an extensive lesion extending from the maxillary canine to the third molar extending into and destroying the maxillary sinus and had caused root resorption from canine to second molar without causing any bony expansion. The initial clinical impression was that of a malignancy arising in the maxillary sinus. METHODOLOGY: Formalin fixed paraffin embedded sections of odontogenic cysts and tumors were stained by hematoxylin and eosin stain, the serial sections of the same was studied by Immuno histochemistry procedure using cathepsin-D and observed under the microscope for the intensity of cathepsin-D staining expression or non- expression. Controls were prepared by omitting primary antibody. A grading system for intensity of expression was devised and used. Antibody used: Polyclonal rabbit anti-human primary cathepsin-D, 7ml ready to use (DAKO Corporation N1625). Denmark Biotinylated anti-mouse, anti-rabbit, anti-goat Igs, LINK/secondary antibody, 15 ml ready to use. (DAKO LSAB+ system, K0679). Streptavidin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. (DAKO LSAB+ system, K0679). Liquid Diamino benzidine chromogen. OBSERVATION AND RESULTS: All odontogenic cysts and tumors were observed for intensity of cathepsin-D stain in epithelium and stroma/ connective tissue capsule by categorized into mild, moderate and marked staining. Statistical analysis was done using students T test. Table 1 shows number of cases in which cathepsin-D shows mild, moderate and marked staining in various epithelial layers and stroma. Table 2 shows statistical relation of staining intensity of cathepsin-D in each layer and stroma/capsular wall between each odontogenic cysts. Table 3 shows statistical relation of staining intensity of cathepsin-D in each layer and connective tissue stroma between each odontogenic tumors. DISCUSSION The idea of immunohistochemistry staining for a lysosomal protease cathepsin-D in odontogenic cysts and tumors of varying biological behavior pattern was with the hope that it could contribute to a better understanding of metabolic processes that are responsible for that behavior. Traditionally we have always focused on the epithelium in odontogenic cysts and epithelial tumors. Much like the mesmerizing effect of giant cells in giant cell lesions, the epithelium in odontogenic cysts and epithelial tumors has held a magnetic quality for research workers. The epithelial component dictates the diagnosis, but the role of connective tissue wall and the stromal cells in tumors has not always been given due consideration. The epithelium is not always at the advancing front of these lesions as is especially seen in case of cysts. In this study in addition to the epithelium we also looked at the expressivity of cathepsin-D in the connective tissue and stromal cells. In granular cell ameloblastoma we observed marked staining pattern in the cytoplasm of the granular cells, often spilling into the connective tissue which may contribute to the aggressive nature of the lesion and its propensity for metastasis (Fig 1a 1b). As compared to the granular cell ameloblastoma other odontogenic tumor types such as follicular, unicystic, plexiform ameloblastoma and adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (Fig 2a 2b) showed less intense staining pattern and the staining was restricted to cytoplasm of these epithelial cells with minimal stromal staining. Apart from the granular cell ameloblastoma we could not derive any correlation between clinical behaviour and cathepsin-D expression. Among the 3 cyst types we found a characteristic epithelial staining pattern in odontogenic keratocyst in comparison to radicular and dentigerous cysts. Among 7 odontogenic keratocyst only one case showed superficial granular staining of the epithelial cells with no separation of epitheliu m from connective tissue. In all other cases we observed granular staining through the full thickness of the epithelium, more in the basal and supra-basal layers, with intense/marked staining at the region of separation of epithelium from connective tissue with granular staining pattern in separation zone (fig 3a 3b). In dentigerous cysts there was only superficial staining of epithelium. The radicular cysts showed uniform staining in the entire length of epithelium (fig4). In the one radicular cyst which was clinically more aggressive; a similar pattern of staining was observed. Though the epithelial staining in radicular cysts was almost similar to that seen in odontogenic keratocysts we did not find any areas of cleavage between epithelium and connective tissue. In the odontogenic keratocyst the staining pattern though similar to the radicular cysts, in the area of split the staining was very intense, and some stained material was noticed in the space between the epithelium and the connective tissue leading to the speculation that the increased expression may contribute to the split, which may have prognostic consequences in terms of recurrence by way of cleaving of epithelium at the time of attempted enucleation or biopsies . In addition to variations in staining patterns of the epithelial lining of the different types of cysts, their walls showed variation in staining from the epithelial end to the bony end .All the cyst types showed expressivity in the immediate sub-epithelial region as well as the bony end of the cyst wall. The intensity of staining progressively increased from the dentigerous cyst through the radicular cyst to the odontogenic keratocyst. The intermediate zone showed relatively scanty expression. This pattern of increasing expression seemed to correlate with increasing aggression. The one radicular cyst grouped in the list of aggressive lesion showed intense staining in the most peripheral areas similar to that seen in the odontogenic keratocyst. All the inflammatory cells seen in connective tissue wall and keratin of the surface layer and granules of granular layer of odontogenic cysts showed intense staining. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study on expression of cathepsin-D in odontogenic cysts and tumors although studies on various other lysosomal enzymes like leucineaminopeptidase etc have been published. Hence it may be presumptuous on our part to make claims on the role of cathepsin-D in aggressive behaviour of odontogenic cysts and tumors, however that there is perceptible variation in expression would suggest that additional efforts in the area may help to understand the metabolic processes that lead to aggressive behaviour. Another area open for exploration is precystic epithelium as in the case of periapical granulomas and the role of these enzymes in cystogenesis. Acknowledgements: Dr. Srivasta MDS (for statistical analysis). Professor, Sri Rajiv Gandhi Dental College and hospital, R T Nagar, Bangalore-94.

Organizational Excellence and Leadership :: Business, Organizational Culture

Organizational culture is the key to organizational excellence and leadership is a function to create and manage culture (Chen 1992). Organizational researchers have become more aware of the importance of understanding and enhancing the cultural life of the institution. "This study is one of a group of companies with high-performance in North America, interest in organizational culture is an important element in organizational success. Tesluk et al (1997). Looking at the" soft "of the organization, the researchers claim that" the organizational culture may be suitable for a means to explore and understanding of life at work, and make them more humane and more pronounced (Tesluk et al, 1997), and the graves (1986) also stressed the importance of corporate culture, and the need for research strategies and methods of investigating the various elements and processes of the organizational culture. He argued the culture that meets the basic needs of belonging and security in an attempt to describe this gathering that culture is "the only thing that distinguishes one company from another gives them coherence and self-confidence and rationalises the lives of those who work for it. Standard that may seem random, is to enhance the life to be different, and safe to be similar, and culture is a concept that provides the means to achieve this compromise (p. 157). Can the effects of cultural misunderstandings can be painful for the individuals, but also for the organization as a whole. Embarrassing situations and inadvertently insults, offenses and failure to achieve individual and organizational goals are among the consequences of the joint. Experience of many managers and researchers in the field of strategy, organization, and the development of the theory of the organization suggests all this ", the study of cultural issues at the organizational level is absolutely essential to a basic understanding of what goes on in organizations, and how it works, and how to improve" (Shin 1990). It was found that the organizational culture to influence the workers' commitment and identification with the group and organization, as well as their sense of involvement with their work tasks (Ruigrok, 1999). The issue of change and culture, and there is solid documentation that overlook the organizational culture and obstructing efforts to change the organizational performance. Study of past failures in development efforts points to the role of organizational culture as a crucial would consider the change (Souza, Bouza et.

Shooting in Football :: Papers

Shooting in Football How to shoot Kicking is the basis of football (soccer). There are two types of shots - ground and air. Ground shots  · On ground shots the supporting (non-kicking) leg is more important than the kicking leg. In order to produce a good shot you'll need balance. The right way to keep your balance is to place your supporting foot in line with the ball. By stepping a little behind you will produce a high kick (most young players that are not taught how to shoot do not know about keeping the leg in line with the ball and when they try to kick hard the ball always rises).  · The second important thing in ground shooting is that in order to get the maximum power in a shot, the knee of your kicking leg has to be above the ball at the moment your foot and the ball touch.  · The follow-through is a swing of your leg after you've touched the ball. You should follow-through in the direction of your aim. If you have trouble understanding this concept try landing on your kicking or think about touching the knee of your kicking leg in your opposite shoulder after you kick the ball. Air shots  · On air shots you have to adjust to the flight of the ball by moving your legs very quickly with short steps. After you decide that you're in the right spot then you swing at the ball.  · Some shots require jumping. Be very careful when doing so and time your jump, just like when taking a header. How to practice shooting First start practicing your technique, then add accuracy to it, and then you worry about power. Start just by shooting a still ball and then add one or more of the things below. Ground shots  · Shooting a ball at a goal  · Shooting from a lower angle  · Shooting a moving ball  · Shooting while turning in the direction of the goal

The Great Gatsby :: Essays Papers

The Great Gatsby "There are only the pursued, the pursuing, the busy and the tired." This quote by author F. Scott Fitzgerald describes his life perfectly. Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald, author of The Great Gatsby, was born in St. Paul, Minnesota, on September 24, 1896. In June 1918 Fitzgerald was assigned to Camp Sheridan, near Montgomery, Alabama. There he fell in love with a southern belle, 18 year-old Zelda Sayre, the youngest daughter of an Alabama Supreme Court judge. The Fitzgeralds went to France in the spring of 1924 seeking quietness for his work. He wrote The Great Gatsby during the summer and fall in Valescure near St. Raphael, but the marriage was damaged by Zelda's involvement with a French naval aviator. The story begins when Nick Carraway, a young man from Minnesota, moves to New York in the summer of 1922 to learn about the bond business. He rents a house in the West Egg district of Long Island, a wealthy but unfashionable area home to the new rich, a group who have made their fo rtunes too early to establish social connections, and who only care about displaying their wealth. Nick's next-door neighbor on West Egg is a mysterious man named Jay Gatsby, who lives in a giant Gothic mansion and throws extravagant parties every Saturday night. As the summer progresses, Nick eventually receives an invitation to one of Gatsby's legendary parties. He encounters Jordan Baker at the party, and they meet Gatsby himself, a surprisingly young man with an English accent, has a remarkable smile, and calls everyone "old sport." Gatsby asks to speak to Jordan alone, and, through Jordan, Nick later learns more about his mysterious neighbor. Gatsby tells Jordan that he knew Daisy in Louisville in 1917 and is deeply in love with her. Various literary techniques are evident in this novel. First of all, symbols are an example of a literary technique. There are many symbols located through-out The Great Gatsby. For example, situated at the end of Daisy's East Egg dock and barely visible from Gatsby's West Egg lawn, the green light represents Gatsby's hopes and dreams for the future. Gatsby associates it with Daisy, and in Chapter One reaches toward it in the darkness as a guiding light to lead him to his goal. Because Gatsby's quest for Daisy is largely associated with the American dream, the green light stands also as a symbol of the American dream.

Siddhartha Dualism vs Monoism

Western thought also states that e must live moral and just lives, free of sin. If I had to decide which philosophy is more forgiving and nurturing towards people, I would have to say that the Eastern realm of thought is less biased than the Western thought. Although I do not believe in a certain faith or god, Eastern thought appeals to me greater as opposed to the biased Western thought. The divine nature of the Eastern faith is more lenient and clear on underlying their concept and principles of a moral life. Western philosophy, as stated before is more biased towards its own beliefs.Western thought states that in order to reach salvation, you must follow the bible and live by Its guidelines and that you only get one chance at redemption and that everything else Is evil and a sure way to damnation. Eastern thought Is more lenient towards achieving the ultimate goal. Monism states that you don't have to be a monk or a spiritual man to achieve salvation but you can learn to achieve s alvation introspectively through your own way. Where as Dualism weighs people on sin, Monism weighs people based on Karma. Karma is the basic concept that every action will have an equal reaction in the future.Dualism states that we are all Judged by our Karma. Monism is clearer on the cycle of life and says that our Karma will determine what we will be reincarnated as. Western thought however states that we are weighed by our bad actions and that we only get one more chance at redemption or we do not reach salvation at all. To sum It up, monism has a very forgiving policy on redemption. In Western faith, It Is said that after one has parted from the physical world, he or he shall be Judged by the ultimate Judger to see If he or she Is worthy of salvation.In Eastern faith, once one has parted into the spirit world and has reached enlightenment, he or she shall live in everlasting bliss and get answers to all his or he questions. In all honesty, I think the afterlife is an illusion a nd that once we part from this world, it's over. The afterlife seems to be a little farfetched and too vague for it to be true. And even if there are spirits resembling about, we never seem to see them come alive. Eastern thought however seems a little more reasonable and self- explanatory rather than the west's notion of the afterlife.There are many deferent faiths in this world that millions believe in. Religion is a very powerful, very influential force in the world. There are many different view, different morals and different guidelines. One thing they all have in common Is the goal to reach salvation In an unknown afterlife. There are many evils that come from religion but good can also come from It as well. No belief Is true, there Is no one proper way how to live one's life. Society may set the laws and regulations that

Income Inequality and Its Affects on Healthcare Essay

Mastrianna (2010) speaks of income inequality as variations in earnings among individuals and households. He states that some income disparity is desirable for creating an incentive for individuals to invest in education and training and to take risks in employment and investment for greater rewards. Concerns are being voiced as to the income inequality in the United States due to the degree of inequality which is shown in the Lorenz Curve and Gini Index. (Pg. 189) Some of the causes of income inequality that have the greatest impact Mastrianna says are first, education. Education or lack thereof has a great effect on income inequality. In 2007, the median incomes of a high school dropout were $22,256, compared to $31.408 for a high school graduate and $51,324 for an individual with a bachelor’s degree. Over a work life an individual with a bachelors degree can earn at least one million dollars more than a high school drop out (based on 2007 dollars). Employment opportunities have also shifted toward medical, business, and other services that disproportionately employ college graduates. Rapid employment in restaurants and retailing explain the low wages of high school graduates. (Pgs. 189, 190) Second is technology, Mastrianna says that the use of computers in the workplace has increased and the estimate is that over 55 % of the labor force now uses computers on the job. These workers earn an average of 10-20 % more in wages than those who do not. Highly educated employees are also more likely to adjust to computers complexities than less educated employees. Consequently, income inequality is increased as the economy is becoming more technologically efficient. According to the AeA, the average technology worker earns $79,500 compared to $42,400 for all private sectors which will widen the income gap as more bright people head toward the information economy. (Pg 190) Thirdly Mastrianna mentions unions stating that the decline in the number of workers belonging to labor unions also contributes to income inequality. This decline in the organized workers is largely due to the loss in manufacturing jobs which leads to fewer jobs at a higher pay forcing many to work in lower paying service jobs which in turn adds to income disparity. (Pgs 190,191) Fourth, Mastrianna notes abilities. There are individuals that are gifted with talents such as the â€Å"smarts† to become doctors and lawyers, or have the physical abilities such as Tiger Woods to become a star athlete, or have artistic talents such as Angelina Jolie. These talents enable certain individuals to contribute substantially to total output but these high incomes have become a highly controversial issue during a time of income inequality. Especially when it comes to CEO’s collecting high salaries, bonuses, and stock options even when their companies fail while laying off thousands of workers. (191) Fifth Mastrianna points out wealth. Income from wealth is more unevenly distributed than income from labor he states. Wealth can be generated by its current owners as well as by previous generations through inheritance. The Bureau of the Census estimates that 84% of the nation’s wealth is held by 20% of households. The collapse of the housing bubble left many households with negative household equity or in bankruptcy. Updated figures may show that this phenomenon has served to further increase the uneven distribution of wealth. (Pgs 191, 192) Finally Mastrianna states that discrimination plays a part in income inequality among the races and sexes. The U.S. Census Bureau indicated in 2007 that the median income of all white, non-Hispanic households was $54,920, while for blacks it was $33,916, and for Hispanic households it was $38,679. Asian and Pacific Islanders had the highest household medians with $66,103. The U.S. Census Bureau also indicates that females who worked year-round made $35,102 annually, compared to men who made $43,113. More often than not labor market discrimination is based on channeling groups of people into occupations for which they are considered suitable. Women and minorities are channeled into occupations that are reserved for them. Such crowding increases the supply of labor in these fields, driving wages down. At the same time, wages are higher in the restricted fields because labor is reduced. (Pgs 192 – 194) The condition of poverty is one extreme of income inequality and the remainder of this paper will compare another extreme; the healthcare and the mortality rates of people due to their income inequality. According to doctor’s Alex Y. Chena and Jose J. Escare numerous studies have found that high-income Americans use more medical care than their low-income counterparts, irrespective of medical â€Å"need.† The methods employed in these studies, however, make it difficult to evaluate differences in the degree of income-related inequality in utilization across population subgroups. In this study, the doctors derived a summary index to quantify income-related inequality in need-adjusted medical care expenditures and reported values of the index for adults and children in the United States. They used the summary index of income-related inequality in expenditures developed by Wagstaff et al. The source of data for the study was the Household Component of the 1996-1998 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, which contained person-level data on medical care expenditures, demographic characteristics, household income, and a wide array of health status measures. They used multivariate regression analysis to predict need-adjusted annual medical care expenditures per person by income level and used the predictions to calculate the indices of inequality. Separate indices were calculated for all working-age adults, seniors, and children ages 5 to 17. For all age groups, predicted expenditures per person, adjusted for medical need, generally increased as income rose. The index of inequality for all adults was +0.087 (95% confidence interval, +0.035, +0.139); for working-age adults, +0.099 (+0.046, +0.152); for seniors, +0.147 (+0.059, +0.235); and for children, +0.067 (+0.006, +0.128). Through their study they found that there exists income-related inequality in medical care expenditures in the United States, and it favors the wealthy. The inequality was highest among seniors despite Medicare, intermediate among working-age adults, and lowest among children. Sarah Glenn author of another article â€Å"Income Inequality Linked to Hospital Readmission† states that income inequality is linked to a greater risk of hospital readmission but not to mortality. The finding that she speaks of came from a large study of older patients in the U.S. and was published in the British Medical Journal. Investigators said that over a three year research period that about 40,000 extra hospital admissions resulted from income inequality. Although the experts are not positive why there was no consistent association between income inequality and mortality, they suggested that, over one month, â€Å"readmission is more sensitive to social conditions than is mortality, and that an effect on mortality might have been observed had they extended the period of observation to one year.† The article also states that scientists have known that income inequality is linked to a diversity of negative health consequences such as: reduced life expectancy, higher infant mortality and poorer self-reported health. Previous research also in BMJ, demonstrated that there is also an association between low standards of child well-being and income inequality. In an article written by doctor’s Diane McLaughlin and Shannon Stokes they speak about whether or not minority racial concentration matters when it comes to income inequality and mortality. The study that they did examined the relationship in all counties in the United States to see if relationships found for states and metropolitan areas extended to smaller geographical areas and if the influence of minority racial concentration did affect the inequality-mortality link. The results of their study proved that the relationship between income inequality and minority concentration show that mortality is robust for counties in the United States. Minority concentration interacts with income inequality, resulting in higher mortality in counties with low inequality and a high percentage of Blacks than in counties with high inequality and a high percentage of Blacks. The research that has been done on income inequality on mortality offers 2 main pathways in which income inequality operates. First, Daly et al. 7 and Lynch et al. 5 posit that political units with highly unequal income distributions are less likely to have affordable housing, education, environmental protection, economic development, and other resources required for the health of their populations. This underinvestment has negative consequences for the health of poor and middle-class individuals. Second, as Daly et al. note â€Å"inequitable income distribution may directly affect people’s perceptions of their social environment which may in turn have an impact on their health.† 7(p319) This postulated psychosocial pathway linking health and mortality stems from conditions in highly equitable communities that result in lower social cohesion, inequities in social and political influence, and less willingness to participate in community activities. Further, Wilkinson argues that the impacts of inequality result less from the experience of inferior material conditions than from social meanings that individuals give to their circumstances and from the effects of stress on both the endocrine and immune systems. While the exact pathways through which income inequality influences mortality are still being defined, there is strong agreement that the determinants of health and mortality include factors beyond the level of the individual. In conclusion, it seems that Mastrianna is correct in his theory; a lack of education, not having special abilities or not being wealthy as well as being discriminated against does factor in on a person’s income inequality. Not only do these factors affect income inequality but they also affect a person’s healthcare and in the case of high concentrations of blacks also affect the person’s psychological and social views which can contribute to their mortality. I was somewhat surprised as well to find in the study by Daly et al. that social relationships influence the health outcomes of adults as well as those social relationships should be taken as seriously as other risk factors that affect mortality. Myself having to deal with treatment for breast cancer can see how social relationships are very important as I am somewhat isolated and it makes me feel good to have social relationships through my online friends as well as with my healthcare professionals and social worker to better be able to cope in my situation as my family has not been there for me like I had hoped that they would be. Without that support from others I could become very depressed which could in turn affect my healthcare outcome. BIBLIOGRAPHY Qualifying Income-Related Inequality in Healthcare Delivery in the United States Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Retrieved on February 17, 2003 from http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/4640689? Glynn, Sarah. (February 15, 2003) Income Inequality Linked to Hospital Readmission Medical News Today Retrieved on February 17, 2013 from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/256412.php Mastrianna, Frank V. (2010) Basic Economics. Mason. OH: South-Western, Cengage Learning. Pp. 189 – 200 McLaughlin, Diane K. PhD and Stokes, Shannon C. PhD (January 2002) Income Inequality and Mortality in US Counties: Does Minority Racial Concentration Matter? Retrieved on February 17, 2013 from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1447397/

Summer Reading Assignment: About a Boy

Mr. Wilson English 11 5 September 2012 Summer Reading Assignment: About a Boy Insensible Will, who lives comfortably off of the money from a popular Christmas song his father wrote, comes up with the idea to join a Single Parents Alone Together, (SPAT), group in order to pick up single moms. What he chooses to overlook however, is the fact that he does not have any children. This sparks a chain of events beginning with him meeting Marcus, an awkward young teenage boy who is being raised by a depressed, single mother.Marcus is constantly tormented at school and feels as though he has no one to turn to. He becomes very fond of Will who is tolerant with him at first and begins to grow attached to his high strung personality. Marcus begins to gain confidence, learn how to deal with his mother, and win the affection of an older punk rocker girl named Ellie at his school. However spending time with Marcus begins to show Will just how empty his life really is. Marcus and Will cross paths at a SPAT get together when Marcus’s mom asks her friend Susie to bring him.That day is the when both Marcus and Wills’ life change forever. When arriving home from the SPAT party Susie, Marcus, and Will walk into Marcus’s mom Fiona passed out in her own vomit. In the mix of it all Marcus doesn’t even see that his mom had tried to overdose on pills. From that day forward Marcus constantly worried about his mother’s depression instead of worrying about himself, and how he gets picked on everyday at his school. It wasn’t until he met Will that Marcus realized why he was getting picked on.Fiona, Marcus’s mom, was in denial and believed that Marcus was just fine wearing ugly shoes, and listening to Mozart. Will helps him to find himself, and to shed his nerdy and dorky skin. As the months passed Marcus began to change and he started hanging out with this punk rocker girl Ellie. At first Marcus believed that he was in love with Ellie and tha t he could spend the rest of his life with her but after taking her to go see his father Marcus realizes she is just too different and crazy. At the end of the novel Will knows for sure that Marcus will be ok when he complains about Will askingFiona to take out sheet music of Marcus’s old favorite nerdy singer. He knows the days of Marcus letting kids bully him, steal his shoes, and mock him for his old haircut are gone. Will did not only help Marcus, but Marcus helped him. Before he was ever involved with Marcus, Will was a pot smoking, lazy, self centered person. However after everything he went through with Marcus, Will changed, and for the better. At the end of the novel Will had found love with this beautiful single mother, Rachel. Even Will realized that himself.He had lost his shell and his cool and his distance, and he felt scared and vulnerable, but he got to be with Rachel, and that’s all that mattered. Fiona at the beginning of the novel was a suicidal, depr essed, and horrible mother. Even after trying to kill herself she was still horrible. She didn’t even notice how hard of a time Marcus was having at school and she wanted to take away Will from Marcus when he was the only thing making her son happy. But as Marcus changed so did Fiona. She was longer so depressed and no longer hated Marcus as her son.Even though she has lost a big part of Marcus, she got to stay away from the hospital because she was no longer depressed. Change makes you flexible, and helps go with the flow. Change makes you smarter. If things never changed, you’d never learn anything new. And every time you learn something new its makes you smarter than you were yesterday. Change reminds us that anything is possible. It’s easy to think that anything that’s stuck will always be that way. Marcus, Fiona and Will all learned how to improve their lives and it was all because of each other.

Commercial Contracts Under Nigerian Legislation

COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS UNDER NIGERIAN LEGISLATION Introduction A contract is an agreement which is legally binding on the parties to it and which if broken may be enforced by action in court against the party that has broken it. A contract may be void or voidable. A void contract is that which lacks the essential ingredients or elements of valid contract and therefore of no legal effect. A voidable contract is that which is valid in the first place but may be ended at the instance of one of the parties to it.Such contracts include guarantee with a bank of money lender, hire purchase and sale or leasing of land. The legal consequences of non-compliance are that they are not enforceable at law though they are not necessarily void. However, some categories of contracts must of necessity be in writing or else they shall be void absolutely. These include transfer of shares, marine insurance and hire purchase agreements. As a general rule also, all contracts are in the nature of agreement: h owever, not all agreements may constitute a contract properly so called.For instance, an agreement for the sale of a parcel of land is intended to be binding and enforceable at law, whereas, an invitation to a luncheon which after all, did not hold may not be enforceable at the suit of the disappointed party. A contract may also be under-seal or by deed and may be simple or oral. It may be express when it is written or implied when it is inferred from the conduct and acts of the parties. In addition, there can be bilateral contract between two parties or multi-lateral contract among parties depending on the nature of obligations to be performed under the agreement.Condition and warranty are the two basic types of express terms in a contract. Whether a term is a condition or warranty depends on the intention of the parties. A condition is a vital term which goes to the root of the contract. Breach of a condition entitles the innocent party to repudiate the contract and to claim damag es. A warranty is a term which is subsidiary to the main purpose of the contract, breach of which only entitles the innocent party to damages. FORMATION OF A VALID CONTRACT The main requirements of a valid contract are as follows: 1. there must be an offer; . there must be an acceptance; 3. there must be consideration; 4. parties must have full contractual capacity; 5. there must be an intention to create legal relations; 6. object of the contract must not be unlawful nor illegal; 7. prescribed formalities must be followed, for example, it should be in writing or by deed. Forms of Contract Contract supported by consideration are essentially expected to be in writing,. It is however important to note that a contract may also be oral or implied and yet be binding on the parties depending on the peculiar circumstances.The fact remains that a contract may not be taken as being invalid or unenforceable for the mere fact that it is not in a written form. Te court would normally not assist any person who was lured into an oral agreement. Writing merely facilitates the interpretation or proving of the terms of the contract barring which it may not be all that necessary. In considering commercial contracts under Nigerian legislation however, we would evaluate three of such contracts which are: ? hire purchase; ?sale of goods; ?agency. AGENCY CONTRACT IntroductionAgency is a relationship that exists between two persons, one of whom expressly or impliedly agrees that the other should represent him or act on his behalf. The one that is represented is called the principal while the person representing or acting on somebody’s behalf is called Agent. Agency relationship involves the consent of the agent and the principal that one should act for the other. It thus arises from a contract or agreements express or implied. Ofodile v. Chinwuba Generally, the relationship of principal and agent may arise in three main ways: 1.By agreement , whether contractual or not expres s or implied in nature 2. By subsequent ratification by the principal of the agent’s act done on his behalf, and 3. By operation of law under the doctrine of necessity Whether or not an agency relationship exists would largely depend on the true nature of the agreement and the circumstances of the relationship between the principal and the agent. In another vein, the law of agency consists of the law of the employer and the employed, where the employment consists of bringing the employer into contractual relationship with the third party.This relationship is simply referred to as â€Å"The Master and Servant† relationship under the labour law and for which there is a vicarious liability. An agent should be distinguished for an independent contractor. An independent contractor is the person who negotiates with the third party on his own behalf. An independent contactor is a person liable to give contract for service while and agent or servant renders contract of service . An independent contractor is personally liable at law for his actions. An agent is not a trustee of the goods in his care not being the legal owner.The extent or scope of the Agent’s discretion is determined by his principal’s instructions. Legal title always remains in the principal. An agent can therefore not give good title all by himself. CLASSIFICATION OF AGENCY a. Special Agent: This is someone who has authority to do some particular act on behalf of his principal though not a continuous basis; for instance, a special order to purchase a house or a vehicle. b. General Agent: this is someone who has power to act for his principal in all matters involving business or trade, for example a solicitor or legal practitioner. . A Factor Agent: He is an agent who sells or disposes of goods that are entrusted to him. His activities are governed by the Factors Act 1889 (UK d. Broker Agent: He negotiates ad makes contract for the sale and purchase of goods. However unlike a factor he is not left in possession of the goods. Typical example is insurance Brokers and Stock Brokers. e. Universal Agent: This is someone who represents various principals in many aspects of trade. He is appointed by a Deed under Power of Attorney and has wide powers. f.Mercantile Agent: He represents someone in commercial and certain aspects of trade. Their duties are more or less similar to those of the factor agent g. Auctioneer: He represents a principal in the disposal of real properties. They are usually licensed to sell properties of Mortgagors who have defaulted in payment. Auctioneer acts between the Vendor and the purchaser. He receives commission and invariably sells to the highest bidder. h. Estate Agent: These deal in the acquisition of, valuation of an disposal of properties i.Del-Credere Agent: This is a mercantile agent who, in consideration of extra pay, that is del-credere commission guarantees to his principal that the 3rd party with whom he enters into cont ract on behalf of the principal shall duly pay the sum becoming due under the contract. In effect a del credere agent is a surety of the person with whom he deals. This is just a form of guarantee which may not necessarily be in writing in order to be enforceable at law. CREATION OF AGENCY It may be created in two broad ways namely: (a)Expressly and (b) impliedly a. Express Creation: . By deed – this involves issuing an authority in writing with the necessary instruction and attestation clauses. That is signed, sealed and delivered. This process is known as the granting a Power of Attorney. 2. Oral instruction – This is agency by appointment, it deals with express authorisation of the principal to the agent to act for him b. Implied Creation 1. Agency of necessity – This is created by act of person who normally had no authority but was compelled to reasonable act to protect the interest of the 3rd party especially during an emergency situation. 2.Agency by Estop pel: – This is a type of agency that can be inferred form the conduct of the parties. If the situation that exists suggests that parties want to create an agency relationship, either of the parties is stopped form denying the existence of such a relationship. 3. Apparent Agency – This occurs where a principal has not taken due precaution to prevent a situation where somebody portrays himself as having power to act as his agent. 4. Agency by ratification – This occurs where the principal having full knowledge of the fact, accepts the benefits of the contract entered into by his apparent agent.Any act whether lawful or unlawful may be ratified provided it is not void. If it is voidable it is still capable of being ratified as long as it is valid. In Brook v. Nook where an agent forged his principal’s signature on a promissory note; it was held that the attempt at ratification was void. The principal must have capacity as at the date of the contract. In Keln er v. Baxter where a promoter tried to ratify some pre-incorporation contracts it was held that he could not succeed as the contracts predated the company.

Strategies for Promoting Ethical Decision Making in Health Care Essay

Strategies for Promoting Ethical Decision Making in Health Care Organizations - Essay Example Moral sensitivity and ethical awareness raises sensitivity to the details of the situation, case, or scenario, and promotes the professional to raise questions in order to justify the right and good, just and fair, respect for individual human dignity, benefits, and burdens. It signifies that ethical decision making a complex process with multiple angles with mainly social implications that tends to analyze factors such as ethical principles, social and interactional aspects, and situational and contextual factors. It is important to remain aware that all these factors need to be considered while making a decision in clinical practice. Taking the example of the issue of autonomic "right to die", this is common issue in clinical practice, especially in the critical care nursing practice. However, practically the issues surrounding death and dying is no longer simple for its legal implications and technological advances that can sustain life for unimaginable duration of time. In these situations, the nurses face dilemma for allocating resources to these patients, and this often enters into the decision making process. The patient's wishes and concerns of the family also impact decisions. For nurses, these ethical situations become more crucial due to invariable conflicts between professional duties and obligations and ethical responsibilities. This means the nurses are faced with the conflicts between the duty to meet the needs of the patients and the obligations to follow hospital policy in that particular issue, implying they are obligated to comply with doctor's orders and legal implications of various interventions and patient-related actions even though the ethical principles do not permit them. In the current scenario, the critical ethical principles will be examined in a critical manner based on this preamble and evidence for current policies would be sought as it is relevant to practice and clinical decision making (Vanlaere, L. and Gastmans, C., 2007). Case: This is the story of a 67-year-old man, who lost control of his vehicle and had struck a guardrail in a single-vehicle collision. He was not wearing a seatbelt and was ejected through the windshield and sustained severely traumatic closed head and chest injuries. He was brought to the trauma center via helicopter and was admitted to the neurological intensive care unit. The staff provided support to the patient as per medical advice, and he was receiving mechanical ventilation and was unresponsive. Obviously he was surrounded by multiple invasive catheters and equipment. The trauma team briefly met the patient's daughter who was the only family present, soon after the admission, and they explained the grave prognosis of her father to her. This patient's care was complex, and the nurse preceptor along with a junior postgraduate nurse was administering the care. The investigations revealed that the patient had severe internal hemorrhage in the brain and in the chest, and some tra uma to the heart could not be ruled out. The patient was on mechanical ventilation through intubation, was in deep coma, was nil orally until the consciousness was restored. The other parameters that were being monitored did not show any sign of improvement, and the patient could not be stabilized to the required degree so as to be able to perform

Compassion Fatigue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Compassion Fatigue - Essay Example Although compassionate caregiving stands out as an accepted social responsibility of the nurses, the practice defies professional ethics and requirements for health workers. This essay explores compassion fatigue form a professional and ethical perspective. Concepts and Symptoms Nurses and other caregivers often find themselves in a dilemma concerning the care they need to give to patients and their own welfare. Although health workers have a good understanding of the nature of human body its needs for rest and healthy lifestyles, they are bound by social and professional responsibilities (Joinson, 2007). Such responsibilities force them to neglect their personal needs. Although compassion fatigue is a major problem among health workers, most health professionals overlook the problem. According to Kottler (2005), the main reason why nurses overlook compassion fatigue is that they have become used to the problem making them compromise with the fatigue. An interview conducted by nurses working in California hospital established that most nurses used medication to make them stay awake for long hours. The survey also established that most nurses had irregular sleeping periods due to workload or a desire to offer compassion services for their patients. This indicates that health workers need to have a concrete background on compassion fatigue symptoms. Compassion fatigue symptoms are identical to those of posttraumatic stress. Unlike posttraumatic stress, compassion fatigue symptoms are based on trauma. This indicates that they have a direct impact on the patient’s life and that the impacts can be demonstrated readily by their performance and behavior (Kottler, 2005). The basic concepts of compassion fatigue are emotional, cognitive, spiritual somatic and behavior. These concepts translate into symptoms and warning signs that characterize the condition. Standard warning signs for the phenomena on are: Stress and decreased satisfaction Feelings of inadequacy a nd anger Low self-esteem and depression Feelings of hopelessness and uncertainty Disrupted sleep cycle and moods Physical discomforts such as a headache and backache Loss pleasure for work and other activities Drug and substance abuse Compassion fatigue stands out as a major threat the nursing profession and the quality of health services in the country. This is because health conditions resulting from compassion fatigue not only affect the health of the caregivers also the public health. Compassion, fatigue stands out as a major threat to nursing and therefore, it should not be overlooked. In most cases, the condition begins as a caregiver burnout before developing into a full-scale compassion fatigue. It is believed that the current social and economic stress among the people has worsened the problem. According to Charles file an author of a compassion fatigue articles, our health systems fail to meet the absolute cost of caring for patients. His analysis considers the problem as a misplaced cost where a nurse or a caregiver is forced to bear the burdens of caregiving. The researcher argues that this happens due to the inconspicuous nature of such costs.

Analysis of the Arabian Construction Companys Costs Essay

Analysis of the Arabian Construction Companys Costs - Essay Example ACC tries to minimize costs by cutting down on some of its expenditure. The expenditure on unnecessary variable costs is cut down to ensure efficiency. Analysis of the firm’s market structure Arabian Construction Company is operating in a perfectly competitive market, which has many buyers and sellers. The forces of demand and supply therefore determine the prices of the products offered by the company. Among the competitors of ACC, we have the Larsen & Toubro, which carries out large-scale construction projects and designs. The other is the DLF, which deals in the development of housing and retailing in property as well. The company has developed over 70 million square units of housing projects up to date. The firms in the construction industry do not deal on single products qualifying them to be in a perfect competition form of market. The industry is free to enter and free to exit with very few legal formalities placed by the government governing company registration hence no barriers to entry into the market. Any firm which feels can withstand the fierce competition in the field can enter the market. The firms are also not forced to stay in the market hence they can a lways leave at their pleasure most so if they are not able to compete favorably (Etro & Federico, pg.132). The firms in this market are therefore neither price takers nor price makers; the forces of market, which are the forces of demand and supply, dictate the prices of their outputs. Profits are therefore highly regulated.

The Problem of the Identity of Immanuel in Isaiah Essay

The Problem of the Identity of Immanuel in Isaiah - Essay Example Other writers in their interpretations of Isaiah 7:14 have aimed to establish an association of the incident with the birth of Jesus, while, referring to the significance of almah which is a word of Hebrew origin, the meaning of which has been identified as virgin. According to Grisham, the varying assumptions regarding the identity of Immanuel in Isaiah 7:14 have extended to the belief which postulates that he is Jesus himself, while, some consider him to be the child of Isaiah and the king of Judah thus, in their construal of the Book of Isaiah interpreters have vowed to prefer either a single fulfillment or double fulfillment.For the purposes of the succeeding sections of the paper the major views on the identity of Immanuel in Isaiah 7:14 would be assessed in a comprehensive manner. Grisham observes that one of the interpretations regarding the identity of Immanuel in Isaiah 7:14 label the child to be that of Isaiah’s, in his perspective on the identity of the woman and ch ild, Walton notes that in accordance with the teachings of the gospel and that of Christian religion regarding the woman in Isaiah 7:14, much of the assertions point towards the declaration that she is Isaiah’s wife however, these postulations can be nullified on the basis of various arguments. Walton claims his translations of the scripture to be highly credible and reliable. The first argument which nullifies the identity of Immanuel as the child of Isaiah comes from the comparison of 7:14 and 8:3